Korean [r] and [l]

    r u p i "ruby"   m u l "water"
    k i r i "road"   p a l "leg"
    s a r a m "person"   s ax u l "Seoul"
    i r u m i "name"   i l k o p "seven"
    r a t i o "radio"   i p a l s a "barber"
    ax "schwa (the 2nd vowel of sofa)"

Questions

  1. Are [r] and [l] allophones of one or is each an allophone of a separate phoneme?
  2. Do they occur in any minimal pairs?
  3. Are they in complementary distribution/
  4. In what environments does each occur?

More Korean

    s o n "hand"   sh i h a p "game"
    s ao m "sack"   sh i l s u "mistake"
    s o s ax l "novel"   sh i p s a m "thirteen"
    s eh k "color"   sh i n h o "signal"
    u s "upper"   m a sh i "delicious"
    ax "schwa (the 2nd vowel of sofa)"
    sh "the first consonant in ship"
    ao "the vowel of English caught"
    eh "the vowel of English let"

Are [s] and [sh] allophones of one phoneme or does each belong to a separate phoneme?

This time there are NO minimal pairs. Determine instead whether the sounds are in complementary distribution. Then answer the question.

Southern Kongo

(text, p. 331, Ex. 5)

    t o b o l a "to bore a hole"   ch i n a "to cut"
    t a n u "five"   ch i b a "banana"
    k e s o k a "to be cut"   ng k o sh i "lion"
    k a s u "emaciation"   n s e l e l e "termite"
    k u n e z u l u "heaven"   a zh i m o l a "alms"
    n z w e t u "our"   l o l o n zh i "to wash house"
    z e v o "then"   z e ng g a "to cut"
    zh i m a "to stretch"      
    sh "the first consonant in ship"
    ch "the first consonant in chip"
    zh "the middle consonant of azure"
    ng "engma"

Southern Knogo has a number of consonants that come in palatalized and unpalatalized pairs. t/ch, s/sh,z/zh. For each pair are the members of the pair allophones of one phoneme or does each belong to a separate phoneme?