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Errata for the 1st Printing (as of 6/6/2000)

The following are the known bugs from the first printing of Speech and Language Processing. Page numbers in red indicate errors that might lead readers seriously astray; the rest are mainly typos.

Preface

Page xxv, line 12: Add Marti Hearst to the list of careful readers of early drafts.

Chapter 2

Page 25, line 9: Change "needn't" to "needed".

Chapter 3

Page 85, line -3: Change "important" to "importance".
Page 88, line 13: Change "Roland Kaplan" to "Ronald Kaplan".

Chapter 4

Page 92, line 13: Change "is take" to "is to take".
Page 93, Sec 4.1, line 5: Change "bears" to "bear".
Page 94, Figure 4.1: Add a closing ] to ARPAbet transcription of nutmeg.
Page 94, Figure 4.1: Underline "uh" in "uh-oh".
Page 95, Figure 4.2: Change the IPA and ARPAbet transcriptions of the first "woodruff" example to be the same as the second one (ie ARPAbet [w uh d r ax f]).
Page 95, Figure 4.2: Move the underscore on the second tulip example to the "i".
Page 108, line 12: Change "avoiding" to "avoid".
Page 108, line 14: Change "touched in" to "touched on".
Page 108, Footnote 5: Change "rules" to "rule".
Page 109, line 4: Change "an lexical" to "a lexical".
Page 116, line 8: Change "!*" to "*!".
Page 123, line 11: Change ''Buffalo'' to ``Buffalo''.
Page 126, line -13: Change the ":" to a "." following "lexical entries".
Page 130, line 11: Change "In generally" to "In general".
Page 132, line 15: Change "modals" to "models".
Page 164, line -12: Replace "work" with "word".

Chapter 5

Page 147, line -16: Delete the extra closing quotes on "reduced".
Page 149, line 13: Change "can be computing" to "can be computed".
Page 151, line 7: Delete unneeded closing paren after "vocabulary".
Page 151, line -15: Replace "unsolveable" with "unsolvable".
Page 154, line 15: Change "a operation" to "an operation".
Page 154, line 16: Change "as show in" to "as shown in".
Page 156, line 4: Replace "computing" with "computed".
Page 176, Figure 5.16: The line in the inner loop doesn't perform the required sum. It should read:

forward[s',t+1] <-- forward[s',t+1] + forward[s,t]*a[s,s']*b[s',o_t]

Page 176, Figure 5.17: Replace .00062 in the upper right corner with .000062.
Page 180, Figure 5.20: Delete the extra "." in "..00036".
Page 180, line 2: Change "algorithm" to "algorithms".
Page 183, Figure 5.21: Change ID(D) to ID(I) in parts (c) and (d).
Page 184, line -12: Change "for each words" to "for each word".

Chapter 6

Page 198, line 15: Delete extraneous period in "...Center. brought...".
Page 200, line 1: Change .002 to .001 in the calculation.
Page 201, line 4: Change "way" to "say".
Page 202, line -3: Replace "generated" with "generating".
Page 204, line 8: Change "'test' to "test".
Page 208, line -5: Substitute "bigrams" for "bigram".
Page 212, Eq 6.23: Replace N with N(w_i-1).
Page 215, line 5: Change "is estimating" to "is estimated".
Page 215, line -4: Change "has a count of" to "have a count of".
Page 216, line 9: Change "was 0" to "were 0".
Page 220, line 7: Delete the extra "deleted interpolation".
Page 230, line 16: Replace "same subsample" with "the same subsample".

Chapter 7

Page 239, line -7: Change "can be computing" to "can be computed".
Page 240, line -12: Delete extraneous closing paren.
Page 246, Figure 7.6: Change "i" to "iy" on x axis.
Page 247, line -2: Replace "Figure 7.9 shows" with "Figure 7.10 shows".
Page 248, line -6: Change "i dh ax" to "iy dh ax".
Page 255, line: Change "a A*" with "an A*".
Page 266, line -13: Change "a integer" to "an integer".
Page 275, line 12: Add a "." after "spectral envelope".
Page 276, line -13: Add a "." after "naturally occurring speech".
Page 277, line 7: Change "a utterance" to "an utterance".
Page 279, second bullet item: Replace "wound" with "sound".
Page 280, line 4: delete extraneous closing paren.

Chapter 8

Page 297, Figure 8.6: Tag for Personal Pronoun should be PRP.
Page 297, Figure 8.6: Tag for Possessive Pronoun should be PRP$.
Page 298, line 18: Change "infinite" to "infinitive".
Page 306, line 10: Replace "only its tag" with "only on its tag".
Page 308, line 1: Replace "evaluating" with "evaluated".·
Page 314, line 12: Change "training set." with "training set,".

Chapter 9

Page 338, GerundV rule: preferring should be preferring
Page 342, line -3: Delete extraneous closing paren.
Page 355, line 1: Change "references" to "reference".
Page 356, Ex 9.6: Change "VPs" to "VP".
Page 356, Ex 9.9: Change "treated" to "treating".

Chapter 10

Page 357, line -10: Replace "a" with "an" before "important:.
Page 361, line -7: Change "Figure 10.4 show" to "Figure 10.4 shows".
Page 366, Figure 10.6: In the following, assume that line numbering starts with the assignment of agenda as line 1.

The "CAT" function on line 7 returns the grammatical category of a node in a parse tree. So this line is checking to see if the grammatical category of the current node to be expanded in this search state is a part-of-speech category.
The "if" on line 8 should be similar to the one on line 7, ie. CAT(NODE-TO-EXPAND(current-search-state))
The "subset" symbol on line 9 should be an "in" instead".
Remove the "else return reject" on lines 12 and 13; it causes a premature termination of the search.
The call to NEXT on line 19 should be a POP since this algorithm is explicitly depth-first.

Page 372, line 8: Change "a right-branching" to "right-branching".
Page 374, line -7: Replace "parsers" with "parses".
Page 381, Figure 10.16: A DOT is missing in the call to ENQUEUE in the scanner function; the first part of the first arg should be B -> word[j] DOT.
Page 381, Figure 10.16, ENQUEUE definition: PUSH is the wrong function to use here, since the newly added states need to go at the end of the chart-entry not the front to ensure that they get processed. We could have used ENQUEUE but we used that for the wrapper. So we'll either go with PushEnd or Append.
Page 384, Figure 10.17: The order of the states in this chart doesn't reflect the order in which the algorithm would enter them. Chart[0] should look like the following:

Gamma -> · S

S -> · NP VP

S -> · Aux NP VP

S -> · VP

NP -> · Det NOMINAL

NP -> · Proper-Noun

VP -> · Verb

VP -> · Verb NP

Page 388, line 1: Change "collection" to "collection of".
Page 389, DETP-INCP rule: Although the formatting of this is very confusing, the braces do all match up correctly. The first four lines encode the first option as a big disjunction, which can be followed by an optional "other". The second alternative is an option DET-CP followed by the word "other".
Page 389, AdjP rule: Change "({Q-er|Q-est}" to "({Q-er|Q-est})".
Page 389, AdjP rule: Replace "N[sing,!Time-NP]" with "Noun-Sing-NonTime"
Page 389, HdNn rule: Replace "[!Time-NP]" with "Noun-NonTime", and replace "CommonN[!Time-NP]" with "CommonNoun-NonTime".
Page 389, preN rule: Change "preN" to "PreN".
Page 389, preN2 rule: Change "preN2" to "PreN2".
Page 390, Figure 10.20: Change "Vparticle" to to "Vparticiple".
Page 390, Figure 10.21: Change "Vparticle" to to "Vparticiple", change "Nsing[!timenp]" to "Noun-Sing-NonTime".
Page 390, Figure 10.21: Change "Vparticle" to to "Vparticiple", change "Nsing[!timenp]" to "Noun-Sing-NonTime".
Page 390, Figure 10.21: Various arcs are messed up: Delete both arcs between states 9 and 3; add an epsilon transition from state 9 to state 4, and another from state 9 to state 3.
Page 392, line 1: Change "staring" to "starting".

Chapter 11

Page 397, line 6: Replace "called a" with "called an".
Page 398, line -7: Change "features structures" with "feature structures".
Page 408, Aux rules: Change "S Agreement... " with "Aux Agreement..."
Page 419, Ex 11.21: Change "CONTENTS" to "CONTENT" in 11.21.
Page 427, Fig 11.11: Dangling pointer labeled CT should point to a NULL value.
Page 427, Fig 11.11: Pointers pointing in the wrong direction...?
Page 431, Figure 11.12, Completer def: Change new -- dag to new-dag.
Page 431, Figure 11.12, Enqueue def: push wrong?
Page 436, line -11: Change "can captured" to "can be captured".
Page 438, line 7: Change "syntactitions" to "syntactitians".
Page 439, line -7: Change "at the type" to "at the top".
Page 440, line 11: Change "and constraint" to "and constrain".
Page 444, Ex 11.2, Change "italian" to "Italian".

Chapter 12

Page 469, example 12.30: This example is due to Marti Hearst.
Page 470, line -1: Change (12.31) to (12.30).
Page 475, line 2: Replace "algorithm" with "algorithms".

Chapter 14

Page 505, line -5: Change "phenomenon" to "phenomena".
Page 521, line 17: Change "are such any" to "are any".
Page 526, line -9: Replace "formula" with "formulas".
Page 527, first bullet: Change "predicate, rather" to "predicate; rather".
Page 534, line -9: Change "to taken" to "to be taken".
Page 539, line -15: Substitute "reside" for "resides".

Chapter 15

Page 552, line 10: Change "Schonkfinkel" to "Schonfinkel" here and in the bibliography.
Page 552, footnote: Change "Schonkfinkelization" to "Schonfinkelization".
Page 560, last line of paragraph 4: Change "if can be" to "if it can be".
Page 569, line 4: Change "access the various" to "access to the various".
Page 569, line 9: Change "is this" to "in this".
Page 575, line 6: Replace "what know" with "what we know".
Page 581, line 3: Change "Chapter 5" to "Chapter 4".
Page 583, fourth bullet: Change "on an input" to "of an input".

Chapter 16

Page 594, line 4: Change "is of primarily" to "is primarily".
Page 597, line -9: Change "or distinct" to "of distinct".
Page 599, line -11: Replace "with one" with "with one of".
Page 601, line 13: Change "There a" to "There are a".
Page 601, line 17: Change "it is merely" to "it merely".
Page 605, Figure 16.6: Just plain weird...
Page 612, line 15: Change the extraneous open paren before "or" to a ",".
Page 614, line -10: Change "an corpus-based" to "a corpus-based".
Page 616, line -12: Change "the fairly" to "a fairly".
Page 619, line 13: Replace "such WordNet" with "such as WordNet".
Page 621, line -8: Replace "to here" with "to her".
Page 624, line 12: Change "of the resuscitate" to "of the word resuscitate".
Page 624, Ex 16.61: Change "dedicated a full-scale" to "dedicated a full-scale factory".

Chapter 17

Page 642, line 13: Replace "is then" with "can then".
Page 643, line -7: Change "of a such" to "of such".
Page 650, line 10: The equation for computing the length of a vector is missing a square root. It should be:

Page 650, Matrix A: This matrix is transposed. It should look like

.41	.98	0
.81	0	.98
.41	.16	.19

Page 659, line -16: Change "many of benefits" to "many of the benefits".
Page 660, line 6: Change "a importance weight" to "an importance weight".