Part One

    12.1

      New rules:

      1. NP → CD Noun
      2. Nominal → Adj Nominal
      3. Noun → p.m.
      4. Noun → redeye
      5. CD → five

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    12.2

      New rules:

      1. S → NP (Aux) VP
      2. S → NP Aux NP
      3. S → Aux NP NP
      4. NP → NP Conj NP
      5. NP → ProperName CD
      6. Nominal → ProperName Noun
      7. VP → TO VP
      8. Pronoun → that

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Part 2

The Finite-State Treatment of these sentences finds both maximal NPs (a steak with a side of fries and a flight to the capital from Boston) the same way. It has no way of capturing the fact that there are two different ways of building a strcuture that correspond tot wo different meanings.